OOP IN PYTHON

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that is based on the concept of “objects”. Objects are instances of classes, which are user-defined data types that contain both data and functions. In Python, objects can be created using classes, and class definitions serve as templates for creating instances of the class.

The main features of OOP in Python are:

• Encapsulation: OOP allows for encapsulation of data, which means that data can be hidden from the outside world and can only be accessed using the methods provided by the class. This ensures data integrity and reduces the chances of errors.
• Inheritance: OOP allows for an inheritance, which allows classes to inherit properties and methods from parent classes. This helps to reduce code duplication and allows for easier code maintenance.
• Polymorphism: OOP allows for polymorphism, which means that the same method can have different implementations in different classes. This allows for code reuse and more efficient use of code.

To create a class in Python, you use the “class” keyword followed by the name of the class. Class definitions contain a series of methods (functions) and attributes (data).

Here is an example of a class definition in Python:

class Car:
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        
    def start_engine(self):
        print("Engine started")
        
    def stop_engine(self):
        print("Engine stopped")

This is a simple example of a class definition for a car. The class contains two methods (start_engine and stop_engine) and three attributes (make, model, and year). To create an instance of the class, you use the class name followed by parentheses:

my_car = Car("Toyota", "Camry", 2022)

This creates an instance of the Car class called “my_car”. To access the methods and attributes of the class, you use the dot notation:

my_car.start_engine() # Output: Engine started
print(my_car.make) # Output: Toyota

This is a basic overview of OOP in Python. There is much more to learn, including advanced topics like abstract classes, interfaces, and more. However, this should give you a good foundation for getting started with OOP in Python.